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| In the social sciences,
examinations of large scale patterns of society are called "macro." |
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It includes broad surveys of social
change, and levels of analysis of nation states, large ethnic groups, social
class and communities. |
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| The
word "management" refers to the functions of control, co-ordination, decision
making, and problem solving of any governmental, not-for-profit, or commercial
organization (agency, department, association), group. community, endeavour,
or project. |
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It is a broad
concept (like “governance”) and can be carried out in many different
ways. The empowerment
methodology in these web pages encourages “participatory
management,” rather than autocractic or dictatorial management. |
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| In
both Spanish
and French
languages, the English word "management" translates as different words.
In Spanish, there are three meanings: (1) dirección, (2) gestión y (3)
administración. "Dirección:" to run, the power to give the
orders. "Gestionar:" to arrange, the ability to take the necessary
actions for something to be done. "Administración:" means the job
done by a clerk. |
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Those are shades
of meanings; the three of them can all also be called "dirección."
On this web site, we use the word "gestión" because it is the closest
to the methods the site proposes (participatory). Is more general, more
"democratic," not so dictatorial as "dirección," but a more important
job than a simple "administración." |
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| Management
training differs from orthodox training (which emphasizes skill transfer)
in that it is used as a method of mobilizing and organizing (or reorganizing)
a management system. |
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While originally
developed for senior managers of large commercial corporations, it is a
useful method to add to social animation in strengthening or empowering
low income communities and groups. |
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Examinations of small scale social patterns.
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| A
"mistake" is an error. We are tempted to get upset when we or the people
who work for or with us make a mistake. But we must learn to expect
mistakes and see it as a normal part of being human, and therefore
not get upset. "To err is human," as the saying goes, only some divine
higher power is perfect and does not make mistakes. See Anger,
Criticize.
See: errors. |
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If you want
the mistake to not be repeated, what you must do is to avoid criticizing,
complaining
or getting angry. Any of those will defeat your purpose. Remind the
person that "You do not have to be bad to get better," meaning that anyone
can improve, then make a positive and supportive recommendation for avoiding
the mistake or otherwise improving. See Sandwich. |
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A mistake is not
a failure; relax. A failure is not a disaster; relax. A disaster is not
the end of the world; relax. To review a few mistakes in writing,
see: Errors. Also
see anger.
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| The
mobilization cycle, is a set of interventions by a mobilizer aimed at stimulating
a community to engage in self-activities leading to increased self reliance. |
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It is called
"cycle" in that the whole set of activities (which are in a logical and
functional order) are repeated as long as necessary. See Mobilization
Cycle and Mobilization
Cycle Illustrations. |
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| Stimulation.
Not exactly the same as organize,
because action has to take place (people become mobile, moving) before
it can be called mobilization. |
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It can be spelled
"mobilise." Similar to social
animation, except animation includes both the mobilizing and the organizing.
See "Action." |
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| (Deutsch:
mobilisieren,
English:
mobilize,
Español:
movilización,
Filipino/Tagalog: nagbibigay-buhay,
pakilusin,
Français:
mobilisez,
Galego:
mobilizar,
Malay: memobilisasi, Português:
mobilizar,
Romãnã:
a
mobiliza, Somali:
wacyigelinta) |
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| A
mobilizer is a person who mobilizes, ie gets things moving. Social animator.
Community development officer or assistant. |
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Community worker.
Activist. Community participation promoter. See: To
Be a Mobilizer. |
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(Deutch:
animator,
English:
animator,
mobilizer,
activist,
Español:
activista,
Filipino/Tagalog: pagbibigay-buhay,
Français: mobilisateur,
animateur,
Galego: activista,
Italiano:
animatore,
日本語:
訓練士または助成人,
Kiswahili:
ramsisha.
Malay:
pemobilisasi,
Português:
animador,
Romãnã: animator,
Tiên Việt:
người
vận động)
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| Money
and wealth are not the same. Money is a cultural symbol that everyone must
believe in if it is to be useful. |
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It can be used
as a measure of wealth, a method of transferring or exchanging wealth,
and a way to store wealth. (See "wealth,"
and Principles
of Wealth). |
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| (Deutsch:
geld,
English:
money,
Español:
dinero,
Filipino/Tagalog:
pera,
Français:
argent,
Galego:
diñeiro,
日本語:
金銭,
Malay:
wang, Português:
dinheiro,
Romãnã: bani,
Somali:
lacag,
Tiên Việt: tiền
bạc) |
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| Monitoring
is the regular observation, recording, analysing and reporting of activities
and the results of those activities, in a project or similar activity.
(See Monitoring). |
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| (العربيّة:
الرصد,
Bahasa Indonesia: pengawasan,
Deutsch:
monitoring,
English: monitoring,
Español: supervisar,
Filipino/Tagalog:
pagsubaybay,
Français: surveillance,
Galego: supervisión,
Ελληνικά: Παρακολούθηση,
日本語: 監視,
Malay:
memantau,
Nederlands:
monitoren,
Português:
monitoragem,
Romãnã: monitorizarea,
Pyccкий: Индикаторы
мониторинга, Tiên Việt: giám
sát, ردو:
نگرانی) |
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| Qualitative
and quantitative criteria (signs) for measuring or assessing the
achievements, or degrees of achievement of project activities, objectives
and outputs. |
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They should
be objectively verifiable. See Measuring
Strength for indicators of the desired results of community mobilizing,
ie empowerment. |
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(العربيّة:
مؤشرات
الرصد, Deutsch:
indikatoren
für das monitoring, English:
monitoring
indicators, Español:
indicadores
para la supervisión, ارس: شاخص
های
مراقبت,Filipino/Tagalog:
panukat
na ginagamit sa pagsusubaybay, Français: indicateurs
de surveillance, Galego: indicadores
da supervisión, Ελληνικά: Δείκτες
Παρακολούθησης, 日本語:
監視の評価基準,
Português:
indicadores
de monitorar, Romãnã: indicatori
de monitorizare, Pyccкий: Индикаторы
мониторинга, ردو:مانيٹرنگ
کے مقياس)
de monitorar, Romãnã: indicatori
de monitorizare, ردو:مانيٹرنگ
کے مقياس)
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| The
word "motivation" indicates the willingness to work, or to get something
done. The meaning has been corrupted when someone says she or he wants
to be “motivated,” meaning that he or she wants payment. Cash is only
one possible factor of motivation. |
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People can
be motivated to do things on the basis of loyalty, or of love of person,
family, lineage, tribe or country. Some one may be motivated to do things
because they want to see the results (job satisfaction). Motivation is
the desire to act, not the payment. |
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| Between
more than two parties. This is used where a donor country sends funds to
multilateral organization such as the World Bank and the United Nations,
which in turn administer aid donations to several recipient countries. |
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Canada's aid
agency, CIDA, has a division called "Multilateral" which administers the
donation of aid money to multilateral agencies, mainly the UN. Like the
bilateral agencies, the multilateral agencies usually operate through local
private enterprises as consultancies, to implement their projects.
Compare with "Bilateral." |
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Multilateral agencies
include those that are multi nation, including the United Nations and its
many emergency response and developmental agencies (UNDP, Unicef, UNHCR,
UNCHS, WHO, FAO, WFP). Multilateral also includes the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund.
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Economists tell of the "multiplier effect."
Where new wealth is invested, the positive effect on the economy is more
than the amount created.
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As the new money is spent, those who receive
it usualy spend part of it, and save part of it. Let us say they spent
eighty per cent and saved twenty per cent. Then there is eighty units of
new money in the economy, and the recievers spend eight per cent of that
and save twenty per cent. That continues until the amoujnt injected into
the economy may be as much as four to eight times the original investment.
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You do the math.
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| (Deutsch:
, English:
multiplier,
Español:
, Français: , Português: ) |
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How do you raise
mushrooms? You "keep them in the dark and feed them cow manure."
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This is a slang
phrase meaning the opposite of transparency.
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Usually a more
rude phrase for male bovine faeces is used instead of "cow manure."
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(Deutsch:
pilzaufzucht,
English:
mushroom
treatment, Español:
setas,
cultivo
de setas, Filipino/Tagalog: tratong
kabuti, Français: champignon,
traitement
de champignon, Galego: o
cultivo do champiñón, 日本語: ッシュルーム扱い,
Malay:
pengendalian
cendawan, Português:
tratamento
de cogumelo, Romãnã: cultivarea,
ciupercilor)
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